A Geometric Nonlinear Solid-Shell Element Based on ANS, ANDES and EAS Concepts

In this work, first, a computational approach suitable for combined material and geometrically nonlinear analysis for 2D quadrilateral elements is explained. Its main advantage is reuse: once a finite element has been developed with good performance in linear analysis, extension to material and geometrically nonlinear problems is simplified. Extension to geometrically nonlinear problems is enabled by a corotational kinematic description, and that to material nonlinear problems by an optimization-based solution algorithm. The approach thus comprises three ingredients -- the development of high performance linear finite element using the Assumed natural deviatoric strain (ANDES) concept, a corotational kinematic description for quadrilateral element, and an optimization algorithm. The work illustrates the realization of the three ingredients on plane stress problems that exhibit elastoplastic material behavior. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the approach.Second, an eight-node solid-shell element based on ANS, ANDES and EAS concepts is presented. The mechanical response of the element is split into three parts: 1) In-plane response, which is also decomposed into membrane and bending, 2) Thickness response or normal strains in thickness direction; and 3) Transverse shear response. This separation gives the liberty of using any type of membrane quadrilateral formulation for the in-plane response. In the present work, ANDES membrane element is used for the in-plane response. ANS concept is implemented to account for the transverse shear and thickness strains, which has proven to circumvent the curvature thickness and transverse shear locking problems. EAS approach with one degree-of-freedom is applied on the thickness strain so as to alleviate the Poisson thickness locking. The formulation yields exact solution for both membrane and bending patch tests.Third, an eight-node solid-shell element based on ANS and EAS concepts is presented. Five enhanced degrees-of-freedom are used to improve the in-plane response of the element and one to alleviate the Poisson's thickness locking problem.Numerical results for some benchmarks show the robustness of both solid-shell formulations in geometrically linear problems.With the proposed linear element at hand, the corotational kinematic description is used to add geometric nonlinearity to this work. Problems with small strains are addressed in this work, however, EICR could be extended to large deformations. The Corotated frame is defined such that it is independent of whether the mid-surface is warped or not. Numerical results for geometric nonlinear solid-shell and the comparisons with other solid-shell and shell formulations are presented in the end

Application of Comedy and Satire in the Epic Theater: The Analysis of the Caucasian Chalk Circle by Bertolt Brecht

Comedy, satire, ridicule, and humor, in general, stem from a tragedy. Wherever weeping does not suffice for the tragic fate of mankind, humor or comedy takes on this task by making people laugh. It is not in vain that typical theatrical emoticons are displayed as two smiling and weeping faces. Tragedy and comedy are two opposing but interconnected aspects that have defined theater since the beginning of history. In this article, we will see how the epic theater, like the modern theater that crashed down the Aristotelian criterion in ancient theater, has used comical elements of comics (satire and comedy) in its structure to transcend features such as catharsis and the strong Aristotelian plot and turn the play into a means for making the audience aware of their position in the modern world. The main tool of epic theater for the realization of anti-Aristotelian theater is an interruption to keep the audience from being trapped and submissive to the plot and to make him/her contemplate. Comedy is an element can distance the audience from identifying himself/herself with tragedy

Mounier-Kuhn syndrome: A rare cause of severe bronchial dilatation with normal pulmonary function test: A case report

SummaryTracheobronchomegaly (TBM) (Mounier-Kuhn syndrome) is dilatation of the trachea and major bronchi because of atrophy or absence of elastic fibers and smooth muscle cells. We present a case of TBM with normal pulmonary function test (PFT).The patient was a 37-year-old man with increasing productive cough and without fever, wheezes, chest pain, weight loss or any respiratory disease. Chest helical computed tomography (CT) scan showed tracheomegaly with transversal diameters of the trachea of 44mm. CT scan showed collapse of the trachea. Few large diverticular out-pouching and openings in the trachea was seen in bronchoscopy. PFT results were normal.PFT in large airway disorders may be normal while abnormalities may indicate underlying small airway disorder. An underlying small airway disorders is responsible for abnormal reports in PFT of these patients. We may need to re-evaluate the role of PFT within follow-up of patients with large airway disorder

From Creation to Adaptation; Explaining Postmodern Aesthetics with an Approach to Photomontage Pattern in Late Capitalist Culture

The issue of aesthetics in postmodernism, unlike modernism, denies the aesthetic independence of political, social, and cultural issues, and accordingly, the paradigm of uncertainty in the trajectory of subversive discourses, without regard to objectivity and the issue of individual genius, resorts to techniques such as adapting and imitating previous ideas. Thus, it de-formalizes various cultural genres that have themselves been influenced by the process of modernization of late capitalist currents at the international level in the process of distortion. In the meantime, the intertextuality created by language games and electronic media sub-narratives, relying on the multiplicity of identities, blurs the line between reality and imagination in an aesthetic understanding of photomontage images. The purpose of this paper is to interpret the word "creation" as an adaptation in the process of creating photomontage images in an aesthetic way and based on the paradigm of the pluralism of the late capitalist era. Accordingly, it raises the main question of what interpretation of the photomontage model depicts the accelerated and multifaceted approach to the production of cultural symbols aimed at capitalist modernization in the path of postmodernist aesthetic discourse? Therefore, in a qualitative approach and in a descriptive-analytic study, documented data based on common themes among the variables in the research topic have been analyzed by content analysis method to conclude that the accumulation of space and time due to late capitalist culture with the central discourse of postmodernist aesthetics mixing path marks the atmosphere of cultural symbols that the idea of creating such a utopia of postmodernist atmosphere is compatible with the pattern of photomontage images and their imitation and fusion properties

The Accuracy of Ultrasonography in Detection of Ulnar Collateral Ligament of Thumb Injuries; a Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: Timely diagnosis and treatment of traumatic injury to ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of thumb is of special importance for preserving the full function of the hand. Therefore, the present study has been designed with the aim of evaluating the accuracy of ultrasonography in detection of these injuries. Methods: The present diagnostic accuracy study was performed on traumapatients over 15 years oldwho had clinical evidence of injury to UCL of thumb and were admitted to the emergency department. All patients were evaluated regarding injury to the mentioned ligament via ultrasonography and MRI and finally, the accuracy of ultrasonography in this regard was measured considering MRI as the reference test. Results: 20 individuals with the mean age of 38.60 § 13.45 (16 – 64) years were evaluated (60% male). Based on ultrasonography andMRI findings 7 (35%) individuals and 7 (35%), respectively had complete ligament rupture (kappa: 0.560 (95% CI: 0.179 – 0.942)). Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratio of ultrasonography in detecting injuries of the mentioned ligament were 71.42 (30.25 – 94.88), 84.61 (53.66 – 97.28), 71.42 (30.25 – 94.88), 84.61 (53.66 – 97.28), 2.5 (0.71 – 8.82), and 0.18 (0.04 – 0.67), respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, performance of ultrasonography by a radiologist in the emergency department has 80% accuracy in detecting traumatic injuries of UCL of the thumb

Evaluation of Efficacy of Low-Level Laser Therapy

Introduction: Given the inconsistencies in the literature regarding laser performance in non-surgical treatments, this study investigated the available literature to determine the advantages and disadvantages of low-power lasers in treating non-surgical complications and diseases.Methods: Authentic information from articles was extracted and evaluated to assess low-power laser performance for non-surgical treatments. A systematic search of studies on low-level laser therapy (LLLT) for non-surgical treatments was conducted mainly in PubMed and google scholar articles.Results: Four categories of diseases, including brain-related diseases, skin-related diseases, cancers, and bone-related disorders, which were treated by LLLT were identified and introduced. The various types of LLLT regarding the studied diseases were discussed.Conclusion: Positive aspects of LLLT versus a few disadvantages of its application imply more investigation to find better and efficient new methods

Effect of naloxone on seizure duration after electroshock therapy (ECT

ECT is a process in which a generalized seizure is induced by passing electrical current for 25 to 150 seconds through the brain under general anesthesia. It is a highly effective treatment for major depression, mania and schizophrenia. Seizure is terminated by active inhibitory processes. The inhibition of seizure is due to the production of endogenous opioids. Naloxone, as an opioid antagonist, may lessen the effect of endogenous opioids. This clinical trial study was conducted to determine the effect of naloxone on length of the seizure. Sixty patients (30 male and 30 female), who met the diagnostic criteria were included in this study. The control group comprised of 30 patients, received ECT without naloxone, and the experimental group comprised of 30 patients, received ECT and 2 mg naloxone (i.v.). Duration of seizure was compared between two groups by t-test. The mean of seizure length was 21.3s in the control and 27.8s in the experimental group. Therefore naloxone can be used for lengthening of seizure and consequently for improving its treatment benefit

Frequency-constrained energy and reserve scheduling in wind incorporated low-inertia power systems considering vanadium flow redox batteries

This paper proposes a novel energy and reserve scheduling model for power systems with high penetration of wind turbines (WTs). The objective of the proposed model is to minimize the total operation cost of the system while static and dynamic security is guaranteed by preserving the frequency nadir, RoCoF, and quasi-steady-state frequency in the predefined range. Likewise, a supervisory, control, and data acquisition (SCADA) system is developed which allows Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (VRFBs) to continuously communicate and participate in the primary frequency response. To cope with the uncertainties, adaptive information gap decision theory is used that ensures a target operating cost for the risk-averse operator of the power system. The proposed scheduling model is applied on a modified IEEE 39 bus test system to verify the impacts of the fast reserve provided by the VRFBs in the dynamic frequency security enhancement of the power system with high penetration of WTs

Relationship of Anxiety and Depression in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Objectives Many researchers have attempted to link the current concepts of anxiety and depression to periodontal disease. This study aimed to compare the level of anxiety and depression in Iranian patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and periodontally healthy controls.Methods Fifty CP patients and 50 periodontally healthy controls participated in this study according to our eligibility criteria. Periodontal clinical examination was performed using a Williams probe. The clinical attachment loss (CAL), pocket probing depth (PPD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded for all teeth except for third molars. In order to psychologically assess the individuals, the Beck’s Depression Inventory (BDI) and the Beck’s Anxiety Inventory (BAI) were used. The mean scores of BAI and BDI were compared between the two groups using the Student t-test.Results The mean age of participants was 44.86±8.07 years. The mean score of BDI was 13.58±8.35 in periodontally healthy controls and 25.62±13.01 in CP patients. The mean score of BAI was 9.9±5.65 in the control and 21.02±13.63 in the test group. The Student t-test revealed a significant difference between the two groups in total score of BDI and BAI (P<0.000). A significant correlation was noted between the BDI and age (P=0.027) but BAI had no significant correlation with age (P=0.245).Conclusion According to the results of this study, the level of anxiety and depression in CP patients was higher than that in periodontally healthy controls in our study populatio